List of Science
Areas included under 'Geophysical'
300 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE
305 Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801)
310 Airglow and aurora
312 Air/sea constituent fluxes (3339, 4504)
315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions
317 Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties
320 Cloud physics and chemistry
322 Constituent sources and sinks
325 Evolution of the atmosphere
330 Geochemical cycles
335 Ion chemistry of the atmosphere (2419, 2427)
340 Middle atmosphere--composition and chemistry
341 Middle atmosphere--constituent transport and chemistry (3334)
342 Middle atmosphere--energy deposition
343 Planetary atmospheres (5405, 5407, 5409, 5704, 5705, 5707)
345 Pollution--urban and regional (0305)
350 Pressure, density, and temperature
355 Thermosphere--composition and chemistry
358 Thermosphere--energy deposition
360 Transmission and scattering of radiation
365 Troposphere--composition and chemistry
368 Troposphere--constituent transport and chemistry
370 Volcanic effects (8409)
394 Instruments and techniques
399 General or miscellaneous
400 BIOGEOSCIENCES (New category to be developed; check other
categories for relevant subordinate terms)
600 ELECTROMAGNETICS
604 Antenna arrays
609 Antennas
614 Biological effects
619 Electromagnetic theory
624 Guided waves
629 Inverse scattering
634 Measurement and standards
639 Nonlinear electromagnetics
644 Numerical methods
649 Optics
654 Plasmas
659 Random media and rough surfaces
664 Reflectors and feeds
669 Scattering and diffraction
674 Signal processing and adaptive antennas
679 Singularity expansion method
684 Transient and time domain
689 Wave propagation (4275)
694 Instrumentation and techniques
699 General or miscellaneous
900 EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS
902 Computational methods, seismic
903 Computational methods, potential fields
905 Continental structures (8109, 8110)
910 Data processing
915 Downhole methods
920 Gravity methods
925 Magnetic and electrical methods
930 Oceanic structures
932 Radioactivity methods
933 Remote sensing
935 Seismic methods (3025)
994 Instruments and techniques
999 General or miscellaneous
1000 GEOCHEMISTRY (New field, replaces Rock Chemistry)
1010 Chemical evolution
1015 Composition of the core
1020 Composition of the crust
1025 Composition of the mantle
1030 Geochemical cycles (0330)
1035 Geochronology
1040 Isotopic composition/chemistry
1045 Low-temperature geochemistry
1050 Marine geochemistry (4835, 4850)
1055 Organic geochemistry
1060 Planetary geochemistry (5405, 5410, 5704, 5709, 6005, 6008)
1065 Trace elements (3670)
1094 Instruments and techniques
1099 General or miscellaneous
1200 GEODESY AND GRAVITY
1204 Control surveys
1206 Crustal movements--interplate (8155)
1208 Crustal movements--intraplate (8110)
1210 Diurnal and subdiurnal rotational variations
1212 Earth's interior--composition and state (8105)
1213 Earth's interior--dynamics (8115, 8120)
1214 Geopotential theory and determination
1219 Local gravity anomalies and crustal structure
1221 Lunar geodesy and gravity (6250)
1223 Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interactions (3339)
1224 Photogrammetry
1227 Planetary geodesy and gravity (5420, 5714, 6019)
1229 Reference systems
1234 Regional and global gravity anomalies and Earth structure
1236 Rheology of the lithosphere and mantle (8160)
1239 Rotational variations
1241 Satellite orbits
1242 Seismic deformations (7205)
1243 Space geodetic surveys
1244 Standards and absolute measurements
1247 Terrestrial reference systems
1249 Tides--Earth
1255 Tides--ocean (4560)
1294 Instruments and techniques
1299 General or miscellaneous
1500 GEOMAGNETISM AND PALEOMAGNETISM
1503 Archeomagnetism
1505 Biomagnetism
1507 Core processes (8115)
1510 Dynamo theories
1512 Environmental magnetism
1513 Geomagnetic excursions
1515 Geomagnetic induction
1517 Magnetic anomaly modeling
1518 Magnetic fabrics and anisotropy
1519 Magnetic mineralogy and petrology
1520 Magnetostratigraphy
1521 Paleointensity
1522 Paleomagnetic secular variation
1525 Paleomagnetism applied to tectonics (regional, global)
1527 Paleomagnetism applied to geologic processes
1530 Rapid time variations
1532 Reference fields (regional, global)
1533 Remagnetization
1535 Reversals (process, timescale, magnetostratigraphy)
1540 Rock and mineral magnetism
1545 Spatial variations (all harmonics and anomalies)
1550 Spatial variations attributed to seafloor spreading (3005)
1555 Time variations--diurnal to secular
1560 Time variations--secular and long term
1594 Instruments and techniques
1599 General or miscellaneous
1600 GLOBAL CHANGE (New category)
1610 Atmosphere (0315, 0325)
1615 Biogeochemical processes (4805)
1620 Climate dynamics (3309)
1625 Geomorphology and weathering (1824, 1886)
1630 Impact phenomena
1635 Oceans (4203)
1640 Remote sensing
1645 Solid Earth
1650 Solar variability
1655 Water cycles (1836)
1694 Instruments and techniques
1699 General or miscellaneous
1700 HISTORY OF GEOPHYSICS
1704 Atmospheric sciences
1709 Geodesy
1714 Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism
1719 Hydrology
1724 Ocean sciences
1729 Planetology
1734 Seismology
1739 Solar/planetary relationships
1744 Tectonophysics
1749 Volcanology, geochemistry, and petrology
1794 Instruments and techniques
1799 General or miscellaneous
1800 HYDROLOGY
1803 Anthropogenic effects
1806 Chemistry of fresh water
1809 Desertification
1812 Drought
1815 Erosion and sedimentation
1818 Evapotranspiration
1821 Floods
1823 Frozen ground
1824 Geomorphology (1625)
1827 Glaciology (1863)
1829 Groundwater hydrology
1831 Groundwater quality
1832 Groundwater transport
1833 Hydroclimatology
1836 Hydrologic budget (1655)
1842 Irrigation
1845 Limnology
1848 Networks
1851 Plant ecology
1854 Precipitation (3354)
1857 Reservoirs (surface)
1860 Runoff and streamflow
1863 Snow and ice (1827)
1866 Soil moisture
1869 Stochastic processes
1871 Surface water quality
1875 Unsaturated zone
1878 Water/energy interactions
1884 Water supply
1886 Weathering (1625)
1890 Wetlands
1894 Instruments and techniques
1899 General or miscellaneous
2100 INTERPLANETARY PHYSICS
2102 Corotating streams
2104 Cosmic rays
2109 Discontinuities
2111 Ejecta, driver gases, and magnetic clouds
2114 Energetic particles, heliospheric (7514)
2116 Energetic particles, planetary
2118 Energetic particles, solar
2124 Heliopause and solar wind termination
2129 Interplanetary dust
2134 Interplanetary magnetic fields
2139 Interplanetary shocks
2144 Interstellar gas
2149 MHD waves and turbulence
2151 Neutral particles
2152 Pickup ions
2154 Planetary bow shocks
2159 Plasma waves and turbulence
2162 Solar cycle variations (7536)
2164 Solar wind plasma
2169 Sources of the solar wind
2194 Instruments and techniques
2199 General or miscellaneous
2400 IONOSPHERE
2403 Active experiments
2407 Auroral ionosphere (2704)
2409 Current systems (2708)
2411 Electric fields (2712)
2415 Equatorial ionosphere
2419 Ion chemistry and composition (0335)
2423 Ionization mechanisms
2427 Ionosphere/atmosphere interactions (0335)
2431 Ionosphere/magnetosphere interactions (2736)
2435 Ionospheric disturbances
2437 Ionospheric dynamics
2439 Ionospheric irregularities
2443 Midlatitude ionosphere
2447 Modeling and forecasting
2451 Particle acceleration
2455 Particle precipitation
2459 Planetary ionospheres (5435, 5729, 6026, 6027, 6028)
2463 Plasma convection
2467 Plasma temperature and density
2471 Plasma waves and instabilities
2475 Polar cap ionosphere
2479 Solar radiation and cosmic ray effects
2481 Topside ionosphere
2483 Wave/particle interactions
2487 Wave propagation (6934)
2494 Instruments and techniques
2499 General or miscellaneous
2700 MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS
2704 Auroral phenomena (2407)
2708 Current systems (2409)
2712 Electric fields (2411)
2716 Energetic particles, precipitating
2720 Energetic particles, trapped
2722 Forecasting
2724 Magnetopause, cusp, and boundary layers
2728 Magnetosheath
2730 Magnetosphere--inner
2731 Magnetosphere--outer
2732 Magnetosphere interactions with satellites and rings
2736 Magnetosphere/ionosphere interactions
2740 Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics
2744 Magnetotail
2748 Magnetotail boundary layers
2752 MHD waves and instabilities
2753 Numerical modeling
2756 Planetary magnetospheres (5443, 5737, 6030)
2760 Plasma convection
2764 Plasma sheet
2768 Plasmasphere
2772 Plasma waves and instabilities
2776 Polar cap phenomena
2778 Ring current
2780 Solar wind interactions with unmagnetized bodies
2784 Solar wind/magnetosphere interactions
2788 Storms and substorms
2794 Instruments and techniques
2799 General or miscellaneous
3000 MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS
3005 Geomagnetism (1550)
3010 Gravity
3015 Heat flow (benthic) and hydrothermal processes
3020 Littoral processes
3022 Marine sediments--processes and transport
3025 Marine seismics (0935)
3030 Micropaleontology
3035 Midocean ridge processes
3040 Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158)
3045 Seafloor morphology and bottom photography
3094 Instruments and techniques
3099 General or miscellaneous
3200 MATHEMATICAL GEOPHYSICS (New field)
3210 Modeling
3220 Nonlinear dynamics
3230 Numerical solutions
3240 Chaos
3250 Fractals and multifractals
3260 Inverse theory
3299 General or miscellaneous
3300 METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS
3304 Atmospheric electricity
3307 Boundary layer processes
3309 Climatology (1620)
3314 Convective processes
3319 General circulation
3322 Land/atmosphere interactions
3324 Lightning
3329 Mesoscale meteorology
3332 Mesospheric dynamics
3334 Middle atmosphere dynamics (0341, 0342)
3337 Numerical modeling and data assimilation
3339 Ocean/atmosphere interactions (0312, 4504)
3344 Paleoclimatology
3346 Planetary meteorology (5445, 5739)
3349 Polar meteorology
3354 Precipitation (1854)
3359 Radiative processes
3360 Remote sensing
3362 Stratosphere/troposphere interactions
3364 Synoptic-scale meteorology
3367 Theoretical modeling
3369 Thermospheric dynamics (0358)
3374 Tropical meteorology
3379 Turbulence
3384 Waves and tides
3394 Instruments and techniques
3399 General or miscellaneous
3600 MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY (replaces
Mineralogy, Petrology, and Rock Chemistry)
3620 Crystal chemistry
3625 Descriptive mineralogy
3630 Experimental mineralogy and petrology
3640 Igneous petrology
3655 Major element composition
3660 Metamorphic petrology
3662 Meteorites
3665 Mineral occurrences and deposits
3670 Minor and trace element composition
3672 Planetary mineralogy and petrology (5410)
3675 Sedimentary petrology
3694 Instruments and techniques
3699 General or miscellaneous
3900 MINERAL PHYSICS
3902 Creep and deformation
3904 Defects
3909 Elasticity and anelasticity
3914 Electrical properties
3919 Equations of state
3924 High-pressure behavior
3929 NMR, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and other magnetic techniques
3934 Optical, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy
3939 Physical thermodynamics
3944 Shock wave experiments
3947 Surfaces and interfaces
3949 Thermal expansivity
3954 X ray, neutron, and electron spectroscopy and diffraction
3994 Instruments and techniques
3999 General or miscellaneous
4200 OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL
4203 Analytical modeling
4207 Arctic and Antarctic oceanography
4211 Benthic boundary layers
4215 Climate and interannual variability (3309)
4219 Continental shelf processes
4221 Dendrochronology
4223 Descriptive and regional oceanography
4227 Diurnal, seasonal, and annual cycles
4231 Equatorial oceanography
4235 Estuarine processes
4239 Limnology
4243 Marginal and semienclosed seas
4247 Marine meteorology
4251 Marine pollution
4255 Numerical modeling
4259 Ocean acoustics
4263 Ocean prediction
4267 Paleoceanography
4271 Physical and chemical properties of seawater
4275 Remote sensing and electromagnetic processes (0689)
4279 Upwelling and convergences
4283 Water masses
4294 Instruments and techniques
4299 General or miscellaneous
4500 OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL
4504 Air/sea interactions (0312)
4506 Capillary waves
4508 Coriolis effects
4512 Currents
4516 Eastern boundary currents
4520 Eddies and mesoscale processes
4522 El Ni?o
4524 Fine structure and microstructure
4528 Fronts and jets
4532 General circulation
4536 Hydrography
4540 Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes
4544 Internal and inertial waves
4546 Nearshore processes
4548 Ocean fog and aerosols
4552 Ocean optics
4556 Sea level variations
4558 Sediment transport
4560 Surface waves and tides (1255)
4564 Tsunamis and storm surges
4568 Turbulence, diffusion, and mixing processes
4572 Upper ocean processes
4576 Western boundary currents
4594 Instruments and techniques
4599 General or miscellaneous
4800 OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL
4801 Aerosols (0305)
4802 Anoxic environments
4803 Bacteria
4804 Benthic processes/benthos
4805 Biogeochemical cycles (1615)
4806 Carbon cycling
4807 Chemical speciation and complexation
4808 Chemical tracers
4809 Colloids
4810 Corrosion
4815 Ecosystems, structure and dynamics
4817 Food chains
4820 Gases
4825 Geochemistry
4830 Higher marine organisms
4832 Hydrothermal systems
4834 Hypoxic environments
4835 Inorganic marine chemistry
4840 Microbiology
4842 Modeling
4845 Nutrients and nutrient cycling
4847 Optics
4850 Organic marine chemistry
4851 Oxidation/reduction reactions
4852 Photochemistry
4853 Photosynthesis
4854 Physicochemical properties
4855 Plankton
4857 Pollution
4860 Radioactivity and radioisotopes
4863 Sedimentation
4866 Sorptive scavenging
4870 Stable isotopes
4875 Trace elements
4880 Trophodynamics
4885 Weathering
4894 Instruments and techniques
4899 General or miscellaneous
5100 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS
5102 Acoustic properties
5104 Fracture and flow
5109 Magnetic and electrical properties
5112 Microstructure
5114 Permeability and porosity
5120 Plasticity, diffusion, and creep
5134 Thermal properties
5139 Transport properties
5144 Wave attenuation
5194 Instruments and techniques
5199 General or miscellaneous
5400 PLANETOLOGY: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS
5405 Atmospheres--composition and chemistry
5407 Atmospheres--evolution
5409 Atmospheres--structure and dynamics
5410 Composition
5415 Erosion and weathering
5416 Glaciation
5417 Gravitational fields (1227)
5418 Heat flow
5420 Impact phenomena (includes cratering)
5421 Interactions with particles and fields
5430 Interiors (8147)
5435 Ionospheres (2459)
5440 Magnetic fields and magnetism
5443 Magnetospheres (2756)
5445 Meteorology (3346)
5450 Orbital and rotational dynamics
5455 Origin and evolution
5460 Physical properties of materials
5462 Polar regions
5464 Remote sensing
5465 Rings and dust
5470 Surface materials and properties
5475 Tectonics (8149)
5480 Volcanism (8450)
5494 Instruments and techniques
5499 General or miscellaneous
5700 PLANETOLOGY: FLUID PLANETS
5704 Atmospheres--composition and chemistry
5705 Atmospheres--evolution
5707 Atmospheres--structure and dynamics
5709 Composition
5714 Gravitational fields (1227)
5717 Impact phenomena
5719 Interactions with particles and fields
5724 Interiors (8147)
5729 Ionospheres (2459)
5734 Magnetic fields and magnetism
5737 Magnetospheres (2756)
5739 Meteorology (3346)
5744 Orbital and rotational dynamics
5749 Origin and evolution
5754 Physical properties of materials
5757 Remote sensing
5759 Rings and dust
5764 Surfaces
5770 Tidal forces
5780 Tori and exospheres
5794 Instruments and techniques
5799 General or miscellaneous
6000 PLANETOLOGY: COMETS AND SMALL BODIES
6005 Atmospheres--composition and chemistry
6006 Atmospheres--evolution
6007 Atmospheres--structure and dynamics
6008 Composition
6015 Dust
6019 Gravitational fields
6020 Ice
6022 Impact phenomena
6025 Interactions with solar wind plasma and fields
6026 Ionospheres--composition and chemistry
6027 Ionospheres--evolution
6028 Ionospheres--structure and dynamics
6030 Magnetic fields and magnetism
6035 Orbital and rotational dynamics
6040 Origin and evolution
6045 Physics and chemistry of materials
6050 Plasma and MHD instabilities
6060 Radiation and spectra
6061 Remote sensing
6062 Satellites
6055 Surfaces and interiors
6094 Instruments and techniques
6099 General or miscellaneous
6200 PLANETOLOGY: SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS (New field)
6205 Asteroids and meteoroids
6207 Comparative planetology
6210 Comets
6213 Dust
6215 Extraterrestrial materials
6218 Jovian satellites
6220 Jupiter
6225 Mars
6230 Martian satellites
6235 Mercury
6240 Meteorites and tektites
6245 Meteors
6250 Moon (1221)
6255 Neptune
6260 Neptunian satellites
6265 Planetary rings
6270 Pluto and satellites
6275 Saturn
6280 Saturnian satellites
6285 Stellar planetary systems
6290 Uranian satellites
6293 Uranus
6295 Venus
6297 Instruments and techniques
6299 General or miscellaneous
6300 POLICY SCIENCES
6304 Benefit-cost analysis
6309 Decision making under uncertainty
6314 Demand estimation
6319 Institutions
6324 Legislation and regulations
6329 Project evaluation
6334 Regional planning
6339 System design
6344 System operation and management
6399 General or miscellaneous
6600 PUBLIC ISSUES
6605 Education
6610 Funding
6615 Legislation and regulation
6620 Science policy
6630 Workforce
6699 General or miscellaneous
6900 RADIO SCIENCE
6904 Atmospheric propagation
6909 Electromagnetic metrology
6914 Electromagnetic noise and interference
6919 Electro-optics
6924 Interferometry
6929 Ionospheric physics (2409)
6934 Ionospheric propagation (2487)
6939 Magnetospheric physics
6944 Nonlinear phenomena
6949 Radar astronomy
6952 Radar atmospheric physics
6954 Radio astronomy
6959 Radio oceanography
6964 Radio wave propagation
6969 Remote sensing
6974 Signal processing
6979 Space and satellite communication
6982 Tomography and imaging
6984 Waves in plasma
6994 Instruments and techniques
6999 General or miscellaneous
7200 SEISMOLOGY
7203 Body wave propagation
7205 Continental crust (1242)
7207 Core and mantle
7209 Earthquake dynamics and mechanics
7212 Earthquake ground motions and engineering
7215 Earthquake parameters
7218 Lithosphere and upper mantle
7219 Nuclear explosion seismology
7220 Oceanic crust
7221 Paleoseismology
7223 Seismic hazard assessment and prediction
7230 Seismicity and seismotectonics
7255 Surface waves and free oscillations
7260 Theory and modeling
7280 Volcano seismology (8419)
7294 Instruments and techniques
7299 General or miscellaneous
7500 SOLAR PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS, AND ASTRONOMY
7504 Celestial mechanics
7507 Chromosphere
7509 Corona
7511 Coronal holes
7513 Coronal mass ejections
7514 Energetic particles (2114)
7519 Flares
7522 Helioseismology
7524 Magnetic fields
7529 Photosphere
7531 Prominence eruptions
7534 Radio emissions
7536 Solar activity cycle (2162)
7537 Solar and stellar variability
7538 Solar irradiance
7539 Stellar astronomy
7544 Stellar interiors and dynamo theory
7546 Transition region
7549 Ultraviolet emissions
7554 X rays, gamma rays, and neutrinos
7594 Instruments and techniques
7599 General or miscellaneous
7800 SPACE PLASMA PHYSICS
7803 Active perturbation experiments
7807 Charged particle motion and acceleration
7811 Discontinuities
7815 Electrostatic structures
7819 Experimental and mathematical techniques
7823 Ionization processes
7827 Kinetic and MHD theory
7831 Laboratory studies
7835 Magnetic reconnection
7837 Neutral particles
7839 Nonlinear phenomena
7843 Numerical simulation studies
7847 Radiation processes
7851 Shock waves
7853 Spacecraft/atmosphere interactions
7855 Spacecraft sheaths, wakes, charging
7859 Transport processes
7863 Turbulence
7867 Wave/particle interactions
7868 Wave/wave interactions
7871 Waves and instabilities
7894 Instruments and techniques
7899 General or miscellaneous
8000 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY (New field, replaces single entry 8165)
8005 Folds and folding
8010 Fractures and faults
8015 Local crustal structure
8020 Mechanics
8025 Mesoscopic fabrics
8030 Microstructures
8035 Pluton emplacement
8040 Remote sensing
8045 Role of fluids
8094 Instruments and techniques
8099 General or miscellaneous
8100 TECTONOPHYSICS
8102 Continental contractional orogenic belts
8105 Continental margins and sedimentary basins
8107 Continental neotectonics
8109 Continental tectonics--extensional (0905)
8110 Continental tectonics--general (0905)
8115 Core processes (1507)
8120 Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle--general
8121 Dynamics, convection currents and mantle plumes
8122 Dynamics, gravity and tectonics
8123 Dynamics, seismotectonics
8124 Earth's interior--composition and state (old 8105)
8125 Evolution of the Earth
8130 Heat generation and transport
8135 Hydrothermal systems (8424)
8145 Physics of magma and magma bodies
8147 Planetary interiors (5430, 5724)
8149 Planetary tectonics (5475)
8150 Plate boundary--general (3040)
8155 Plate motions--general
8157 Plate motions--past (3040)
8158 Plate motions--present and recent (3040)
8159 Rheology--crust and lithosphere
8160 Rheology--general
8162 Rheology--mantle
8164 Stresses--crust and lithosphere
8166 Stresses--deep-seated
8168 Stresses--general
8180 Tomography
8194 Instruments and techniques
8199 General or miscellaneous
8400 VOLCANOLOGY
8404 Ash deposits
8409 Atmospheric effects (0370)
8414 Eruption mechanisms
8419 Eruption monitoring (7280)
8424 Hydrothermal systems (8135)
8429 Lava rheology and morphology
8434 Magma migration
8439 Physics and chemistry of magma bodies
8450 Planetary volcanism (5480)
8494 Instruments and techniques
8499 General or miscellaneous
9300 INFORMATION RELATED TO GEOGRAPHIC REGION
9305 Africa
9310 Antarctica
9315 Arctic region
9320 Asia
9325 Atlantic Ocean
9330 Australia
9335 Europe
9340 Indian Ocean
9345 Large bodies of water (e.g., lakes and inland seas)
9350 North America
9355 Pacific Ocean
9360 South America
9399 General or miscellaneous
9600 INFORMATION RELATED TO GEOLOGIC TIME
9604 Cenozoic
9609 Mesozoic
9614 Paleozoic
9619 Precambrian
9699 General or miscellaneous
9800 GENERAL OR MISCELLANEOUS
9805 Instruments useful in three or more fields
9810 New fields (not classifiable under other headings)
9815 Notices and announcements
9820 Techniques applicable in three or more fields
9900 CORRECTIONS